Octavian then assumed absolute control of Egypt. Octavian, fearing that 'too many Caesars' would threaten his claim to being Caesar's sole heir, had Caesarion murdered. Caesarion's guardians, including his tutor, either were themselves lured by false promises of mercy into returning the boy to Alexandria or perhaps even betrayed him the records are unclear. Mark Antony had committed suicide prior to Octavian's entry into the capital Cleopatra followed his example by committing suicide on August 12, 30 BC. Octavian captured the city of Alexandria on August 1, 30 BC, the date that marks the official annexation of Egypt to the Roman Republic. There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, persuaded him to go back, on the ground that Caesar invited him to take the kingdom.' 'Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatra's son by Julius Caesar, was sent by his mother, with much treasure, into India, by way of Ethiopia. Plutarch does say that Caesarion was sent to India, but also that he was lured back by false promises of the kingdom of Egypt: When Octavian invaded Egypt in 30 BC, Cleopatra VII sent Caesarion, then seventeen years old, to the Red Sea port of Berenice for safety, with plans of an escape to India he may have been sent years earlier, but the sources are unclear. These proclamations, known as the Donations of Alexandria, caused a fatal breach in Antony's relations with Octavian, who used Roman resentment over the Donations to gain support for war against Antony and Cleopatra. Caesarion was proclaimed 'King of Kings.' Most threatening to Octavian (whose claim to power was based on his status as Julius Caesar's great-nephew and adopted son), Antony declared Caesarion to be Caesar's true son and heir. Caesarion was named co-ruler by his mother on September 2 44 BC at the age of three, although he was King in name only, with Cleopatra VII keeping actual authority to herself.ĭuring the tense period of time leading up to the final showdown between Mark Antony and Octavian, Antony, who at that time shared control of the Empire in a triumvirate with Octavian and Lepidus, granted various eastern lands and titles to Caesarion and to his own three children with Cleopatra. After Caesar's assassination on March 15, 44 BC, Cleopatra and Caesarion returned to Egypt. Cleopatra VII hoped that her son would eventually succeed his father as ruler of the Roman Empire as well as Egypt. Ptolemy XV, sometimes referred to as 'Ptolemy Caesar', most commonly known by his nickname Caesarion, was born in Egypt in 47 BC and spent two of his early years, from 46-44 BC, in Rome, where he and his mother were Caesar's guests.

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